As we know that the existence of the agricultural sector greatly relies on natural resources and the environment so it could potentially cause damage to the environment, through: (1) the impact of using various agricultural inputs to the product, land, and environment, (2) the impact of farming systems, especially rice on greenhouse gas emissions, and (3) the impact of industrial, residential, and urban land productivity and environmental sustainability of agriculture. Impact of agriculture because agriculture is causing more severe diffuse pollution sources. This means that the origin of pollutants are everywhere diruntut difficult and therefore difficult to control.
Damage to the environment can ultimately lead to decreased agricultural productivity. Moreover, the use of chemical fertilizers have not been able to be proven fully offset the loss of nutrients due to erosion, or export via harvested so the results without any effort to optimum utilization of organic agriculture will be increasingly difficult to grow, especially in the Pacific Islands.
Today in any development effort involving the environment and natural resources, is virtually always brought the concept of Environmental Development (Barbier, 1993; Panayotou, 1994). The concept was developed because of the fact that many development activities had been brought changes in ecosystems that have a negative impact on the environment and the availability of natural resources (Emil, 2010). Therefore, agricultural development should be done in addition to the social and economic vision must also be environmentally friendly so as to control the negative impacts and enhance positive impacts on the environment. Agriculture is environmentally sustainable agricultural development that optimizes the benefits of natural resources and human resources menserasikan by human activity with the ability of natural resources to sustain it. To that end, all the elements of cultivation technology that many have a negative effect on the balance of the ecosystem need to be reviewed to find a way out or a replacement. Integrated pest management, integrated crop management and organic farming is an environmentally friendly alternative to the farm.
1. Integrated Pest Management
It can not be denied that the pesticide is one important component in supporting the success of increasing agricultural production. But the reality shows that pesticides also pose negative impacts on human health and the environment. To that end, the government has established a policy to apply the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in agricultural production, especially food crops.
IPM is an approach to pest control combined with the methods of biology, culture, physical and chemical, in an effort to minimize; costs, health and environmental risks. IPM concept is implemented through Integrated Pest Management Field School (SLPHT), which basically aims to encourage the use of pesticides as a 'cure', and should be kept to a minimum and as selective as possible. Even the application of pesticides is only done in certain circumstances, for example if the crop damage has reached the economic threshold with the right dose.
2. Integrated Crop Management
Integrated Crop Management (ICM) has the potential and prospects well enough to maintain sustainable productivity with respect to the preservation of natural resources, which in turn will increase the income and welfare of farmers. Application PTT through optimum utilization of available resources. Examples are: (1) the use of organic material (green manure, farmyard manure, charcoal, crop residues and hay chaff), (2) the use of water for irrigation and land drainage, (3) pemanfataan and preservation of soil fertility, and (4) the use of labor and institutions available.
3. Organic Farming
Understanding and perceptions of the various parties about organic farming is still diverse. Many restrictions were put forward, but in a simple, organic farming is the way and the only cultivation system or the importance of the use of natural ingredients (organic) and do not use or limit the use of chemical inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides.
In the conception of the development of organic farming can be distinguished, among other things: First, Absolute Organic Farming as a farming system which does not use inorganic chemical inputs, using only natural materials such as organic matter or organic fertilizer. This system is sometimes associated with the concept of low-input sustainable agriculture (Low Input Sustainable Agriculture, LISA). The main objective is to produce a product and the environment (soil and water) clean and healthy (ecolabelling attributes), but less priority to productivity.
Second, Organic Farming Rational or semi-organic farming as an agricultural system that uses organic ingredients as one input that serves as soil supplements and artificial fertilizers (inorganic chemistry). Pesticides and herbicides used selectively and limited, or using biopesticides. The main runway is good agricultural practices, that promotes productivity, efficiency of production systems, security, and the preservation of natural resources and the environment.
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