BIOLOGICAL CONTROL HISTORY

History of biological control began in Atkinson discover the diversity of Fusarium wilt disease severity in 1892, and the diversity was influenced by the type of soil ( Garrett , 1965) . Research in this direction continues, for example, in early 1908 , Potter met the inhibition of plant pathogens by a buildup of metabolites result , later in 1926 , Sanford prove that turns green manure can be used to overcome scurvy potatoes . In 1927 , Millard and Taylor found that potato scab ( Streptomyces scabies ) can be controlled with the inoculation of S. praecox . G.B. Sanford and W.C. Broadcast Ophiobolus graminis prove the existence of pathogens can be suppressed by the antagonistic activities of fungi and bacteria , which then publishes the results of research on biological control of fungi that cause " take- all" in wheat , Phytopathology in 1926 : for the first time used the term " biological control " in plant pathology . Sanford and Broadcast article influence is huge in the world of plant pathology , which began developing ways to control plant diseases using antagonistic microbes . Research toward biological control of plant pathogens , especially those that are mouth - land , began to flourish .In 1930 , Fawcett , president of the American Phytopathology Society , sharpen the biological control agent , which is delivered in a speech titled " The importance of investigations on the effect of known mixtures of organisms " . In a short time , after the speech , a student Fawcett , R. Weindling , published a series of articles first on parasitism of Trichoderma viride against other soil fungi . Since then , the world's attention to the biological control more wide open and more research emerged , especially toward the production of antibiotics in soil .Research on biological control agents of plant pathogens continue to evolve and continue . For the sake of findings related findings about the benefits of biological control keeps popping up , including the direction of the secondary metabolites produced by biological control agents . Type of soil microbes that are useful for controlling plant pathogens continue to be found and identified , for example, the discovery and viridin gliotoksin toxin produced by the fungus Trichoderma Viridae by their respective Wright in 1956 as well as by Brian and McGowan in 1945 .Research towards antibiotic produced by the biological control agent in soil , is a topic that has always attracted the attention of scientists to examine . Until now, research into biological control direction and has managed to keep many mengungkat various biological control agents and their mechanisms in both conventional and biotechnology . Even the development of studies on antibiotics produced by antagonistic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens , namely 2,4 - diasetilfloroglusinol , have come to the antibiotic production in industrial scale .Based on data from research on biological control experience I have described and utilization in agriculture to control plant diseases , it seems clear that there are opportunities and challenges in the use of biological control agents to solve the problem of plant diseases in the future . Knowledge of the opportunities and challenges it is necessary to estimate the success rate of the use of biological control agents , particularly in meeting one of the requirements of sustainable green revolution , to support and strengthen sustainable food security and sustainable . 

CHANCE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PATHOGENS

 Described that many cases of plant diseases that can not be resolved until now , always there in every season , and is found in all types of plants . Losses caused by the presence of plant diseases also vary and affect all aspects of human life , while the control with synthetic chemical pesticides have not been able to successfully solve the problem of defect plants . Therefore , the emergence of biological control are to be welcomed and should be promoted , to support the balance of the ecosystem in supporting agriculture and sustainable food security . The impetus for implementing biological control , as a way to control plant pathogens , derived from the existing opportunities and challenges in the development of the way .Some of the opportunities that are known from the use of biological control agents to solve problems of plant disease , according Greathead (1995 ) and Soesanto (2008 ) , namely 1 ) ​​awareness of the world community for agricultural products are healthy and safe , 2 ) the inability of synthetic fungicides , 3 ) concern for ecological balance and environmental security , 4 ) awareness of farmers and their families in health issues , 5 ) exploration costs are low biological agents , 6 ) increasing costs of agricultural production , 7 ) time to prepare a short biological agents , 8 ) the availability of abundant biological agents in nature , and 9 ) the production of secondary metabolites .