CHALLENGES OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PATHOGENS

In addition to the opportunities that exist in the use of biological control agents for control of plant pathogens , also keep in mind some of the challenges and obstacles that may be in the use of biological control of plant pathogens, if not immediately considered and overcome in order to be solved . Lots of information on biological control failures in some regions , whereas when applied in certain areas able to demonstrate its role in the control of plant pathogens . This condition arises because in general they do not consider the existence or lack of work and challenges in applying biological control against plant pathogens .Some of the challenges inherent in working with biological control , including 1 ) the lifetime of biological agents is limited, 2 ) to change the function of biological agents, 3 ) the differences in interests, 4 ) environmental pollution, and 5 ) limited dissemination of biological agents .  

1. Lifetime limited biological agents

Biological control agents are applied to agricultural products have a limited lifetime . This is particularly so if the environmental conditions of space saving products are not suitable for the plant life of a biological control agent . If biological control agents stored in unsuitable conditions , or agricultural products are sprayed with these agents is in the micro - climatic conditions are not suitable , then the agent will not last long and die sooner . In addition , storage of biological agents in the laboratory specifically require special handling in order kegigasan biological control agents can be maintained for a long period . Each of these biological control agents that do not have the same storage medium ( Soesanto , 2006a ). 

2. Biological agents can change the function

The use of biological control agents that have not prepared properly will be able to change its function as a biological control agent of plant pathogens . This is particularly true of the biological control agent of the group of bacteria , which may change due to mutation due to the extreme conditions in the tropics , such as the ultraviolet radiation is very high . Moreover, the biological control agents intentionally introduced into new tropical environment of different environments . Therefore , we suggest an antagonistic bacteria before being released to the field must be stabilized first. In addition , the function changes caused by biological control agents not previously tested or less in advance ability , not only against plant pathogens , but also an important test of its host plant . Does the biological agents to cause problems or become pathogenic to plants test or not . Testing of biological agents against plant pathogens host plants rarely performed , although this will affect the performance and capabilities of biological agents in the control of plant pathogens .3 . The difference in interestThe use of biological control agents may change the function due to different interests . It is closely related to the status of a target biological control agents . Different interests will lead to differences in decision-making . The decision taken is not appropriate, it means no longer consider the security aspect hayatai of biological control agents again , but was changed to a centralized pathogens that have been decided for the controlled4 . Environmental pollutionNormally, a biological control agent does not cause pollution to the environment. However, contamination of biological control agents may occur if not careful in setting it up and set how many biological control agents that will be released and implemented in the environment . For example , in the preparation or work with Trichoderma spp. are not careful, will cause contamination of laboratory space . Konidium mushrooms easily in the wind when the process is not done well and will easily mengontaminan medium to another, in accordance with its growth and development . This leads to the disruption of other work in the laboratory . In addition , contamination caused by biological control agents can cause allergies for workers . Our immune each different in response to the presence or konidium mold spores in the air . Meanwhile , biological control agents , such as Trichoderma spp . , May be contaminants not only on laboratory work , but also in other work , such as the cultivation of edible fungi . Biological control agents to be sent from outside the area should be completely removed from their natural enemies , which would limit its effectiveness ; also be free of contaminants by plant and animal pathogens ; material pemformula biological control agents must be free of organisms pengontaminan . Therefore , it needs serious attention from various parties if it will use a new biological control agents , so that pollution problems can be prevented or limited . If the problems encountered in the biological control agents to be sent or material suspected biological control agents , then the material should be destroyed immediately .5 . limited distributionAlthough the spread of biological control agents are not constrained by political barriers , the spread of biological control agents are not wide spread of synthetic chemical agents . This concerns the nature of biological control agents in the form of living beings , who must adapt to a new environment . As a result , biological control agents produced in a place or region , sometimes do not work when applied to crops in the region or elsewhere . In addition , the local importer of biological control agents outside , you should consider this , and if possible notify neighboring or regional organization that is responsible for this . Everything is intended to provide an opportunity for neighboring areas in order to prepare themselves in the event or new problems arise due to the application of new biological control agents .The existence of these challenges will not deter steps to continue to work and continue to persist in our commitment to controlling plant petogan raman and safe for the environment , by using biological control agents , given the prospect of a better future and profitable . In contrast , the presence of these challenges , we will increasingly seek to resolve it through a series of studies , by utilizing existing opportunities , so hopefully will be able to further reduce these challenges . All of this is meant to provide ideas and insight to biological control , so that biological control can increasingly play a role in the control of one of the limiting factors of crop cultivation, the plant disease . Plant diseases that can be controlled with an environmentally friendly biofungisida will be able to increase agricultural output , and ultimately will lead to sustainable food security .