Plant diseases is one of the limiting factors in crop production . Lately , agriculture is very important because it is one source of raw material for fuel ethanol . Plant diseases are always there in every season and in every crop planted . Had never heard the word until now that the plants are grown either by farmers or planters free of plant diseases . It
is recognized both by the farmers in the world agricultural reliable in
rural areas , planters who are experts in processing home gardens , and
agricultural practitioners who manage the plantation .Plant diseases often misunderstood with plant pests , which in fact have very clear differences among them . Even the farmers often refer to damage or disease-causing pathogens of plants caused by pests . This
is very wrong and needs to be clarified because this condition will be
closely related to the control measures to be implemented . Plant diseases are very different from plant pests , especially in two respects , namely a form of damage and cause damage . Form
of damage to crops due to plant diseases such as changing the color and
nature of plant physiology , such as plant leaves become mottled brown
or yellow , the plant looks wilted , and the seeds are eaten bitter ;
while pest damage is usually a change in the volume of crops , such as
leaf size is not intact because partially or completely missing from being bitten by locusts or caterpillars . In
addition , the causes of plant diseases , such as fungi , bacteria ,
and viruses , generally can not be seen with the naked eye and should be
with the help of tools, such as microscopes , while the causes of plant
pests can be seen with the naked eye , such as caterpillars , snails ,
aphids , and grasshoppers .Talking
about food security is not the same as talking about self-sufficiency
in rice , and the availability of food is not synonymous with the
availability of rice , though , Äùsoko teacher , Äù food security still
relies on self-sufficiency in rice ( Adnyana , 2006) . Strong
achievement of food security can not be separated from efforts to
develop new varieties on a large scale , which is known for , Äùrevolusi
green , Äù . However , history proves that the use of high yielding varieties also can not continue in the long term . Besides
this is caused by the presence of abiotic stresses , also the most
important is the presence of biotic stresses , namely the existence of
pests and plant pathogens secondary , which had never occurred when
plant breeders mix varieties , although these varieties resistance to
pests or pathogens has been main developed , so the resistance is owned by a variety of plants can be broken . In
addition , the gene varieties are generally not associated with
resistance to pests or plant pathogens , but all of them were associated
with the production .One
of the factors that influence the decrease in production of food crops ,
and also plantation crops , horticulture , and forestry , is a plant
disease . The
presence of plant diseases in agriculture and plantations , even in the
area of forestry , always cause problems and obstacles in an effort
to increase crop production . Plant
diseases will cause the plants can not grow to the optimum , resulting
in production due to the lack of sufficient supply of photosynthate . This
condition if not get the attention and treatment that will lead to
serious disruption of the sustainability of crop production , which
ultimately can disrupt food security .
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